Roof tiles refer to individual overlapping components used to cover roofs, available in many materials and profiles that affect appearance, performance, and cost. This guide explains what roof tiles are called, how to identify them, the pros and cons of common types, and tips for selection and maintenance for U.S. homes.
| Common Name | Also Called | Material/Characteristic |
|---|---|---|
| Clay Tile | Terracotta Tile | Natural Fired Clay, Traditional Curved Profiles |
| Concrete Tile | Simulated Clay Tile | Dense Cement-Based, Versatile Shapes |
| Slate Tile | Natural Slate | Metamorphic Rock, Thin Stone Slabs |
| Metal Tile | Metal Shingles/Sheets | Steel, Aluminum, Zinc, Often Coated |
| Composite/Plastic Tile | Polymer Tile, Synthetic Slate/Shake | Recycled Plastics, Lightweight, Engineered |
What Roof Tiles Are Called: Basic Terminology
Roof tiles are commonly referred to by their material (clay, concrete, slate, metal, composite), their profile (flat, mission, barrel, interlocking), and by trade names used by manufacturers. In casual speech, homeowners often say “tiles” for any non-asphalt roofing, while professionals will specify the exact type by material and profile.
Major Types Of Roof Tiles And Their Names
Clay (Terracotta) Tiles
Clay tiles are often called terracotta when they have the classic reddish-brown color; shapes include mission, barrel, and pantiles. These tiles are fired from natural clay and are prized for longevity and provenance in Mediterranean and Spanish-style architecture.
Concrete Tiles
Concrete tiles might be called cement tiles or simulated clay tiles; they mimic clay shapes at lower cost and with varied factory colors. Concrete tiles are heavier but can be molded into many styles, including flat, barrel, and interlocking profiles.
Slate Tiles
Slate tiles are usually labeled natural slate or slate shingles and come as thin stone pieces cut from quarries. They deliver a high-end, long-lasting roof often used in historic and upscale homes, with individual tiles sometimes referred to as “slates.”
Metal Tiles
Metal tiles are marketed under names like metal shingles, standing seam, and metal tile panels; materials include steel, aluminum, copper, and zinc. Some metal products are formed to look like tile or slate and are called “metal tiles” or “metal shakes.”
Composite And Synthetic Tiles
Composite tiles go by names such as synthetic slate, polymer tile, or recycled plastic tiles. They combine engineered materials for lighter weight and improved impact resistance while reproducing the look of natural materials.
Tile Profiles And Architectural Names
Beyond materials, tiles are identified by their profile: barrel (Spanish/mission), flat (pantile), interlocking, and shake. Each profile affects water shedding, overlap, and installation technique, influencing aesthetics and performance.
How To Identify What Roof Tiles Are Called On An Existing Roof
To identify tiles, examine material, shape, and mounting: clay has a porous earthen look, slate is thin stone, concrete is denser and uniform, metal has seams or fasteners, and composite appears molded. Photographs, measuring thickness, and checking under-eaves for tile tags or manufacturer stamps help confirm type.
Pros And Cons Of Common Tile Types
Clay Tiles: Pros include exceptional durability, color longevity, and fire resistance; cons are high weight and higher upfront cost. Clay is ideal for warm climates and historic aesthetics.
Concrete Tiles: Pros include lower cost than clay and design flexibility; cons include weight and potential for efflorescence or fading over long periods. They suit varied architectural styles.
Slate Tiles: Pros include unrivaled longevity (often 100+ years), natural beauty, and low maintenance; cons are very high cost and heavy weight requiring structural assessment.
Metal Tiles: Pros include light weight, recyclability, and fast installation; cons include potential for noise, denting, and specific flashing requirements. Metal works well in snowy or high-wind regions.
Composite Tiles: Pros include lightweight, impact resistance, and mimicry of premium materials; cons include variable quality across brands and potential for fading. They provide a low-maintenance alternative to natural slate or shake.
Regional Names And Styles In The United States
In the U.S., terminology varies by region: in the Southwest, “Spanish tile” usually refers to curved clay barrel tiles; in the Northeast, “slate” denotes natural stone roofs on historic homes; coastal areas may favor “metal panels” for salt-spray resilience. Local building vernacular influences tile names more than national labels.
Cost, Lifespan, And Performance Considerations
Costs vary by material and installation complexity: asphalt is cheapest, concrete mid-range, clay and slate highest. Typical lifespans: asphalt 15–30 years, concrete 30–50 years, clay 50–100+ years, slate 75–200+ years, and metal 40–70 years depending on coating.
Installation And Structural Requirements
Tile roofs need proper underlayment, flashing, and sometimes battens for attachment. Heavier tiles such as clay and slate often require roof structural reinforcement, verified by a structural engineer or qualified roofer, while metal and composites typically impose lighter loads.
Maintenance, Repairs, And Replacement Terminology
When discussing tiles, common maintenance terms include re-bedding (for clay tiles), re-pointing (ridge mortar), and slate repair (replacing individual slates). Interlocking tiles typically require fewer repairs than loose-laid barrel tiles.
Energy, Fire, And Insurance Implications
Tile material affects energy and insurance: clay, concrete, and slate provide thermal mass reducing cooling loads; metal can be reflective and increase energy efficiency with proper coatings. Fire-resistant tiles like clay and slate can lower insurance premiums in fire-prone areas.
Choosing The Right Tile Name For SEO And Purchase
When searching online or requesting quotes, use precise terms: include material and profile (for example “clay barrel tile” or “interlocking concrete tile”) to receive accurate product information and pricing. Manufacturer model names help match warranties and performance data.
Common Misconceptions And Clarifications
Many confuse “shingles” with “tiles”: shingles are typically asphalt or wood and are smaller overlapping units, while tiles are larger, heavier, and often made of clay, concrete, or slate. Another misconception is that all tile roofs are maintenance-free; they require inspections for cracked tiles and flashing integrity.
How To Ask A Roofer About Tile Names And Options
When consulting a contractor, request clear language: ask for material, profile, weight per square foot, warranty, and a sample. Request product data sheets and an explanation of any structural reinforcement needed before signing a contract.
FAQs About What Roof Tiles Are Called
What Is The Difference Between Tile And Shingle?
Tiles Are Usually Thicker, Heavier, And Made Of Ceramic/Stone/Concrete Or Metal, While Shingles Are Thinner Flexible Pieces Like Asphalt Or Wood.
Are All Clay Tiles Terracotta?
Terracotta Refers To The Natural Fired Clay Color And Finish; Clay Tiles Can Also Be Glazed Or Pigmented Different Colors.
Is Metal Tile The Same As Metal Shingle?
Metal Tiles Are Panels Or Formed Pieces Designed To Look Like Tile Or Slate; Metal Shingles Typically Mean Smaller, Shingle-Sized Metal Pieces.
Resources And Manufacturer Terms To Know
Helpful terms include “exposure” (how much tile is visible), “course” (a horizontal row of tiles), and “batten” (a strip supporting tiles). Manufacturer product codes, UL ratings, and ASTM standards provide objective performance data.
Final Practical Tips For Homeowners
Homeowners should document their existing roof type with photos, gather any original material invoices, and use precise search terms like “concrete interlocking roof tiles” or “Spanish barrel clay roof tile” when comparing products and contractors to ensure accurate quotes and material matches.
For further clarity, always ask a licensed roofer for a sample, material spec sheet, and a written warranty explanation before purchase or installation.